1075 results
Pathophysiology of Hemolytic Anemia
 - Defects in RBC internal contents (thalassemia, hemoglobinopathies, and metabolic defects)
 -
Pathophysiology ... - Defects in RBC ... - Defects in RBC ... environment #Pathophysiology
Sickle Cell Disease - Pathophysiology of disease and complications 

Due to the deformed shape, HbS induces
Cell Disease - Pathophysiology ... shape, HbS induces RBC ... This leads to RBC ... SickleCell #Disease #Pathophysiology
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia:
 • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample!
 • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
ischemia-induced RBC ... hemolysis) • RBC ... potassium #high #pathophysiology
Erythropoiesis (RBC Production and Maturation)

Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell → Proerythroblast (a.k.a. pronormoblast) → Erythroblast (a.k.a. normoblast)
Erythropoiesis (RBC ... Erythropoiesis #RBC ... Maturation #hematology #pathophysiology
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
Serum PO4 -> decr RBC ... Syndrome #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Hypophosphatemia and Hypoxia - Pathophysiology

↓ Phosphate leads to ↓ red cell 2,3-DPG and a  reduction
and Hypoxia - Pathophysiology ... does also impact RBC ... hemolysis, ↓ in RBC ... respiratory #hypoxia #pathophysiology
Urine Microscopy and Casts - Image Atlas Key

- Squamous Epithelial Casts
- Transitional Epithelial Cells
- Renal Tubular
- Monomorphic RBCs ... - Dysmorphic RBCs ... Granular Casts - WBC ... Cast - RBC Cast
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Overview

Increased Clotting and Consumption of Clotting Factors

Findings:
 • Bleeding
 • Recent history
protein C and S Pathophysiology ... hydration • RBC
Overall Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Blood Loss
 • Acute Bleed - Normocytic / Normochromic
/ Normochromic RBCs ... TIBC, Hypochromic RBCs ... Decreased RBC ... Thalassemia • RBC ... Disorder • RBC
Urinalysis Interpretation (UA)

Bacteria, Leukocyte esterase, WBC, Nitrite, RBC, Epithelial 
cells, pH

#Diagnosis #Urinalysis #Interpretation #Analysis
Leukocyte esterase, WBC ... , Nitrite, RBC,