3091 results
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Urinalysis >3 RBCs ... WBCs, or urine ... casts, dysmorphic ... RBCs)? ... Nephrology if cause
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
1ml blood/liter urine ... Hematuria: 3 or more RBC ... /HPF spun urine ... hematuria: - RBC ... - Dysmorphic RBC
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... Proteinuria (Negative urine ... Proteinuria (Positive urine ... sediment - WBC/RBC ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... blood cells on urine ... Glomerular (Dysmorphic RBCs ... and/or RBC casts ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
are caused by prerenal ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... CONSIDER INTRINSIC CAUSES ... microscopy for WBCs ... , RBCs, casts, crystals
Urine Microscopy and Casts - Image Atlas Key

- Squamous Epithelial Casts
- Transitional Epithelial Cells
- Renal Tubular
Urine Microscopy ... - Monomorphic RBCs ... - Dysmorphic RBCs ... - WBC Cast - RBC ... JoseTesser) #Urine
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary
Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
• Washed RBC ... flank pain, dark urine ... Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... more likely to cause
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... Weakness - Dark urine ... blood with no RBC ... hour with goal urine ... Diagnosis #Management #causes
Causes of Anemia with Normal Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased WBCs
 - Decreased/NormaI
Causes of Anemia ... Polychromatic Macrocytes, RBC ... Spherocytes, RBC ... ) - Abnormal RBCs ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
glomerular hematuria (RBC ... casts or dysmorphic ... RBCs in urine)?