2025 results
Split, Fractured Patella on Knee Exam

30 years old male, 10 years post motorbike accident.  Split,
with tears of ACL ... , PCL , PLC
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... pressure: - Cl ... secretion - Cl ... • Kidney: - Cl ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl ... NGT suction, Low Cl ... • High Urine Cl ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Autoantibodies in Rheumatology
 • Lupus (SLE): ANA (anti-nuclear antibody), dsDNA (double-stranded DNA), Anti-Smith, Anti-Ro (SSA) and
Anti-cardiolipin (aCl ... Anti-centromere, Scl
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
syndrome - Na-K-2Cl ... cotransporter, K channel, Cl ... barrtin (recruits Cl ... Thiazide-sensitive Na—Cl ... alpha-Intercalated cell Cl
General Algorithms for Assessment of the Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) (Algorithms 1, 2 and 3)

Algorithm
General Algorithms ... Device (LVAD) (Algorithms ... 1, 2 and 3) Algorithm ... LVAD) Patient Algorithm ... troubleshooting Algorithm
Causes of Secondary IgA Nephropathy - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • GI disorders: Celiac disease, Crohn's disease,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... myeloma, Lymphomas, RCC ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
DOAC: Cheat Sheet - Atrial Fibrillation, VTE Prophylaxis, VTE and Renal Dosing

Renal Dosing:
Apixaban (25% renal clearance):
Dabigatran (80%): If CrCl ... alternative agent if CrCl ... patients with CrCl ... weight < 60kg, CrCl ... AFib: CrCl 15-50
Knee Examination
Right Knee - Examination maneuvers include the Lachman (ACL), anterior drawer (ACL), Lateral pivot shift,
include the Lachman (ACL ... anterior drawer (ACL
Diagnostic Algorithms for Microcytic, Normocytic and Macrocytic Anemia

#Microcytic #Normocytic #Macrocytic #Anemia #Algorithm #Comparison #Diagnosis
Diagnostic Algorithms ... Macrocytic #Anemia #Algorithm