2388 results
Split, Fractured Patella on Knee Exam

30 years old male, 10 years post motorbike accident.  Split,
with tears of ACL ... , PCL , PLC
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
syndrome - Na-K-2Cl ... cotransporter, K channel, Cl ... barrtin (recruits Cl ... Thiazide-sensitive Na—Cl ... Nephrology #Diagnosis #Differential
Autoantibodies in Rheumatology
 • Lupus (SLE): ANA (anti-nuclear antibody), dsDNA (double-stranded DNA), Anti-Smith, Anti-Ro (SSA) and
Anti-cardiolipin (aCl ... Anti-centromere, Scl
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - Differential ... pressure: - Cl ... secretion - Cl ... • Kidney: - Cl ... Hypochloremia #Differential
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl ... NGT suction, Low Cl ... • High Urine Cl ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential
DOAC: Cheat Sheet - Atrial Fibrillation, VTE Prophylaxis, VTE and Renal Dosing

Renal Dosing:
Apixaban (25% renal clearance):
Dabigatran (80%): If CrCl ... alternative agent if CrCl ... patients with CrCl ... weight < 60kg, CrCl ... AFib: CrCl 15-50
Knee Examination
Right Knee - Examination maneuvers include the Lachman (ACL), anterior drawer (ACL), Lateral pivot shift,
include the Lachman (ACL ... anterior drawer (ACL
Causes of Secondary IgA Nephropathy - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • GI disorders: Celiac disease, Crohn's disease,
Nephropathy - Differential ... myeloma, Lymphomas, RCC ... Nephropathy #Causes #Differential
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
• Exogenous (KCL ... #hyperkalemia #differential
Pivot-Shift Test in ACL-deficient Knee

This patient has pathologic varus alignment across the knee and a chronic
Pivot-Shift Test in ACL-deficient ... and a chronic ACL ... alignment and an ACL ... PivotShift #test #ACL