3792 results
Secondary causes of Hypertension
 • Medications, Drugs, Chemo: NSAIDS, Steroids, CNI, Alcohol, Cocaine, OCP, Licorice, MAOI,
Secondary causes ... Pseudopheochromocytoma - respond ... Other Endocrine causes ... low renin HTN causes ... #Secondary #causes
Mydriasis and Miosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Causes of Mydriasis:
Dilated pupils (mydriasis) more than 7mm
 • Unilateral
Diagnosis Framework Causes ... - Dim light response ... , Serotonin syndrome ... Miosis: Horner's syndrome ... - Bright light response
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine chloride < 20 mmol/l - Chloride responsive (Chloride
Causes of Metabolic ... mmol/l - Chloride responsive ... BP = Bartter's Syndrome ... , Gitelman's Syndrome ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Causes
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Tea and Toast Syndrome ... Responds briskly ... Psychogenic Polydipsia - Responds ... failure, nephrotic syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Adie's Pupil
What? Unknown nature & benign
 • Regular and mildly dilated pupil (4-6mm);
 • Light-near dissociaton;
pupillary dilation in response ... light; • Normal response ... Holmes-Adie Syndrome ... dissociation • Other causes
Blood gas analysis
Metabolic alkalosis
Measured urine CI
< 10 mEq/L
Saline responsive
> 10 mEg/L
Not saline responsive
- Vomiting or NG
mEq/L Saline responsive ... /L Not saline responsive ... suction Endocrine cause ... H+ loss Renal cause ... - Gitelman syndrome
Adie's Pupil on Physical Exam

Adie's pupil is a neurological disorder characterized by a tonically dilated pupil
more definite response ... It is caused by ... infection which causes ... ophthalmology #neurology #syndrome
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Causes of Secondary ... Testing Common causes ... illicit drugs) Response ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... Mineralocorticoid excess syndromes
Bradycardia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

BRADI Mnemonic
 • BRASH/Hyperkalemia
 • Reduced oxygen/Glucose/Temp
 • ACS
 • Drugs
 •
Infections BRASH Syndrome ... Pressure - Cushing response ... • Tachy-Brady syndrome ... Spondylarthropathies Other causes ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Syncope is a sudden, transient loss of consciousness, which is thought to be secondary to cerebral
frequently benign causes ... due to vasovagal responses ... carotid sinus syndrome ... life-threatening causes ... depends on the cause