12 results
Hypophosphatemia Diagnostic Algorithm
- GI Losses
- Redistribution
- 1° HPT
- 1° Renal PO4 wasting: Hereditary, TIO, Fanconi Syndrome,
Hypophosphatemia ... , TIO, Fanconi Syndrome ... Zalman Agus #Hypophosphatemia ... #phosphorus #low ... #differential #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Workup for Hypophosphatemia ... Tumor genesis syndrome ... • Normal or Low ... - Normal or Low ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Hypophosphatemia ... Appropriately Low ... Tumor Genesis Syndrome ... , CAR-T cell #Hypophosphatemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
pressure - Normal/low ... Serum albumin - Low ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... #Nephritic #Comparison ... #Table #Nephrology
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
Algorithm • Low ... High Phosphate, Low ... Extravascular deposition: Hyperphosphatemia ... metastases, Hungry bone syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Characteristics of Commonly Used Phosphate Binders 
Aluminum 
 - Potent and effective 
 - Useful for
term in severe hyperphosphatemia ... increased risk of low ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... Binders #Table #Comparison ... #Pharmacology #Nephrology
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
metastasis (hungry bone syndrome ... depletion, Familial hypophosphatemia ... Endocrine disorders: Syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Locked-In Syndrome on Physical Exam

56 year-old male with acute onset altered sensorium. Suffered a cardiac arrest
Locked-In Syndrome ... Now quadriplegic ... #LockedIn #Syndrome ... #PhysicalExam # ... clinical #video #neurology
Adie's Pupil
What? Unknown nature & benign
 • Regular and mildly dilated pupil (4-6mm);
 • Light-near dissociaton;
unilateral; • Slow ... response to dark; • Slow ... Holmes-Adie Syndrome ... #Adies #Pupil #PhysicalExam ... #neurology #ophthalmology
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Reflexes: 
 • Knee - L2, L3, L4
 • Ankle - S1
• Cauda Equina Syndrome ... - Low back pain ... Myotomes #diagnosis #neurology ... sensory #motor #leg #physicalexam