43 results
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... chronic renal failure ... Hypervolemia, ... Cirrhosis, Cardiac failure ... #nephrology
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal

PRE-RENAL 
Impaired perfusion: 
•
Causes of Acute ... Kidney Injury ( ... perfusion: • Cardiac failure ... Prerenal #Postrenal #Failure ... #Differential #Nephrology
Winged Scapula on Physical Exam

Caused by injury to the long thoracic nerve

#Winged #Scapula #PhysicalExam #clinical #video
Physical Exam Caused ... by injury to the ... Winged #Scapula #PhysicalExam ... #clinical #video ... #neurology #msk
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
Acute Kidney Injury ... Dehydration • Heart failure ... syndrome) • Liver failure ... tubular necrosis (causes ... Classification #diagnosis #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • Trauma/Crush injury ... insufficiency/Failure ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
oxoproline) • Renal failure ... Hypokalemia ... Hyperkalemia ... Drug-induced hyperkalemia ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • Trauma/Crush injury ... insufficiency/Failure ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... Traumatic brain injury ... Uremia, Liver failure ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #neurology
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis
HEMODYNAMIC
 • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
Common causes of ... Acute Kidney Injury ... HEMODYNAMIC • Cardiac failure ... Acute Tubular Injury ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
, rhabdo/crush injury ... - Renal Failure ... only if no clear cause ... Definitive in ESRD or failure ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology