16 results
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal

PRE-RENAL 
Impaired perfusion: 
•
Causes of Acute ... Kidney Injury ( ... perfusion: • Cardiac failure ... • Sepsis • Blood ... Prerenal #Postrenal #Failure
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Trauma/Crush injury ... • Blood transfusion ... insufficiency/Failure ... Blood transfusion ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Trauma/Crush injury ... • Blood transfusion ... insufficiency/Failure ... Blood transfusion ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure ... injury or sedatives ... hypoxemic respiratory failure ... • Occurs when blood ... #Respiratory #Failure
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
papilledema, heart failure ... , neurologic disturbance ... or acute kidney injury ... disorders including hypokalemia ... Neurologic disorders
Kussmaul's Sign on Physical Exam

What’s the diagnosis?
Severe biventeicular failure with + Kussmaul sign! NICM. No constriction!

-
biventeicular failure ... accept increased blood ... and other rarer causes ... Kussmauls #Sign #physicalexam ... #clinical #video
Causes of Hyperkalemia
Pseudohyperkalemia
 - Tourniquet use
 - Hemolysis (in vitro)
 - Leukocytosis
 - Thrombocytosis
Intra- to extracellular
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Transfusion of aged blood ... Rhabdomyolysis/crush injury ... excretion - Renal failure ... #Causes #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
, rhabdo/crush injury ... - Renal Failure ... only if no clear cause ... Definitive in ESRD or failure ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
congestive heart failure ... congestive heart failure ... congestive heart failure ... congestive heart failure ... congestive heart failure
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
deficiency • blood ... - respiratory failure ... • Neurologic: ... Renal: - Renal failure ... Phosphatase: • Other causes