11 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... Differential Diagnosis ... Acute and chronic kidney ... Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... Diagnosis #Table
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Prerenal:
 • Due to true volume loss or decreased
(AKI) - Differential ... effective arterial blood ... volume • Hypovolemia ... #Injury #AKI #Differential ... #Diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
differentiating kidney ... losses: • High Blood ... • Low/Normal Blood ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis and Management
PTH Independent (↑ PTH)
 • LOW VIT D
    -
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis ... and Management ... Liver disease, Kidney ... Pancreatitis, Blood ... endocrinology #differential
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
patients with hypokalemia ... effective arterial blood ... ↑ Aldosterone: Kidney ... urine #potassium #differential ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Framework and Management ... UA positive for blood ... nephrotoxicity to kidney ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Hematuria in Post-Renal Transplant Patient
Prevalence up to 12% in the postrenal transplant patient
 • Bacterial: Escherichia
Renal #Transplant #differential ... #diagnosis #kidney ... #blood #urine # ... management #treatment ... #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup and Differential ... with previously stable ... disturbance, or acute kidney ... disorders including hypokalemia ... Workup #causes #Differential
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
irrigation • Management ... insipidus • Kidney ... Prevention of blood ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Medications #Table
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Inherited (AR) hypokalemic ... Normal or low blood ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology