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diagnosis management rheumatology aids cns infections syndrome algorithm als amyotrophic ana antibody antinuclear autoimmune barre bee cauda caudaequina cmv cytomegalovirus
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections: •
/ AIDS - Differential ... status, and focal neurologic ... Demyelinating disease caused ... : AMS, motor deficits ... CNS #Infections #differential
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in HIV-AIDS Patients Cytomegalovirus (CMV): double-stranded DNA virus, herpesvirus family. CMV infection: virus isolation or detection
regardless of symptoms ... : Quantitative PCR ... 50 or less: • Neurologic ... Retinitis (Most common cause ... AIDS #diagnosis #differential
Antinuclear Antibody Testing - Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Patterns Nuclear Patterns: • Homogeneous pattern: -
Scl70 (in some cases ... /SjS OS - AMA ... body-like: - Neurologic ... Rods/rings: - HCV ... Cytoplasmic #Patterns #differential
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Clinical Pearls: • Diplopia is almost always binocular. •
Double Vision - Differential ... • Neurologic ... symptoms suggest ... a mass as the cause ... Cranial Nerve IV
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework Viral Encephalitis: MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
: HSV 1): • Herpes ... Coltivirus Symptoms ... influenzae Symptoms ... /l is regarded as ... #diagnosis #neurology
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear Visual or auditory symptoms in
Non-inflammatory Causes ... conjunction with symptoms ... pachymeningitis • HIV ... BEE #Syndromes #neurology ... noninflammatory #differential
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview Cauda Equina Syndrome: • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr •
lumbar spine • MCC ... spine L1-L5 Symptoms ... - Emergency Causes ... cord infarct • HIV ... #neurology
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
- Causes progressive ... fasciculations Common Symptoms ... conditions listed in differential ... motor neurons - IV ... Lateral #Sclerosis #neurology
Transverse Myelitis Overview Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
Bilateral signs and/or symptoms ... • Infectious causes ... simplex virus, HIV ... diagnosis #management #neurology ... #differential
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) Acute autoimmune demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness Epidemiology: • Incidence: 1
Incidence: 1 to 2 cases ... immunodeficiency virus (HIV ... than one after symptom ... Hospital of Baltimore IM ... diagnosis #management #neurology
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