18 results
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential ... suggests either secondary ... or primary hyperaldosteronism ... hypokalemia • Renal ... #nephrology #potassium
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Causes of Secondary ... Hypertension - Differential ... ultrasound, Tests ... Duplex Doppler ultrasound ... Acromegaly #Secondary
Pathologic / Fragility Fractures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 
Tumours
 - See Bone Lesions Scheme
Paget's Disease
 -
Pathologic / Fragility Fractures ... - Differential ... Osteodystrophy - Secondary ... Phosphate Deficiency Primary ... #Orthopedics #Causes
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis
HEMODYNAMIC
 • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
Common causes of ... Kidney Injury AKI - Differential ... thromboembolism, renal ... nephropathy • Secondary ... #Diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... secreting tumor, Primary ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Metabolic alkalosis ... Primary hyperaldo ... Renal artery stenosis ... Algorithm #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Workup #Nephrology
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
Secondary Causes ... Hypertension - Differential ... multi-drug resistance) Renal ... Unilateral RAS Metabolic ... #Nephrology #Differential
Back Pain - Differential Diagnosis
Primary Back Pathology:
 • Musculoligamentous injury (a.k.a. lumbosacral strain)
 • Spondylosis (i.e.
Back Pain - Differential ... Diagnosis Primary ... secondary to metastatic ... breast, prostate, renal ... #Diagnosis #causes
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
suggests extra-renal ... causes • Laxative ... ↑ Aldosterone: Primary ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology