15 results
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
tubule of the kidney ... Most cases diagnosed ... • recurrent fractures ... Phosphatase: • Other causes ... Hyophosphatasia #hepatology
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

ALP:
 - Enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of organic phosphate
- Differential Diagnosis ... Intestine - Other causes ... Intestine • Kidney ... Pregnancy - Renal ... #Algorithm #hepatology
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS) - Diagnostic Criteria
HRS-AKI (Acute: previously known as HRS Type 1)
 • ↑ Creatinine
Syndrome (HRS) - Diagnostic ... haematuria, Normal renal ... ultrasound HRS-NAKI ... - No other cause ... HRSAKI #HRSNAKI #hepatology
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)
Pathophysiology:
 • Defect in fetal free fatty acid metabolism products →
= nonspecific (nausea ... , ↑Tbili/Dbili/AP ... Antithrombin Ill • Ultrasound ... ) Differential Diagnosis ... Liver #Pregnancy #hepatology
Multiple Myeloma and Monoclonal Gammopathies
C - HyperCalcemia- calcium > 11 mg/dL / >1 mg/dL the ULN
R
dL the ULN R - Renal ... Look for gamma gap ... Causes of false- ... Gammopathies #MGUS #diagnosis ... #hematology #oncology
Thrombotic Microangiopathy - TMAs
1. Not all MAHAs are due to TMAs but (almost) all TMAs cause
Not all MAHAs are ... TMAs cause MAHA ... /o significant renal ... Microangiopathy #TMAs #hematology ... #diagnosis #ttp
Elevated Globulin - Protein Gap (Total Protein - Albumin > 4)

Work-up of an Elevated Globulin Gap:
•
Castleman disease • AL ... cancers, HCC, renal ... gastric tumors • Hematology ... #differential #diagnosis ... #hematology
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Caused by splanchnic ... ultrasound ... Exclude other AKI causes ... evaluation essential in all ... Hepatorenal #Syndrome #Hepatology
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
Leukemias Overview: ALL ... activity • ↓ LAP ... -> AML: Blast crises ... #Leukemia #Hematology ... #Oncology #Diagnosis
Paraproteinemias

Entities That Can Feature A Monoclonal Protein/M Component:
• MM
• WM
• MGUS
• MGCS
• MGRS
• Splenic Marginal Zone
Entities That Can Feature ... Pseudohyponatremia • ↓anion gap ... vascular beds-renal ... Paraproteinemias #Hematology ... #Differential #Diagnosis