33 results
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the
Stork test) • XR ... — scotty dog sign ... Spondylolisthesis #MSK ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
blood donor • Pathophysiology ... : Age>60, CKD, CHF ... transfusion • Pathophysiology ... Criteria - At least ... fluid balance, and CXR
Differentiation Syndrome in APML
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study)
 • Triggers:
ATRA treatment Pathophysiology ... damage • Induce blast ... 5 or elevated Cr ... common • Imaging: CXR ... sepsis), PE, DAH, CHF
Supracondylar Elbow Fracture
• Most common elbow fracture in children, peak age 5-7 
• When looking at
anterior sail sign ... is disrupted, treat ... can't make A-OK sign ... Elbow #Humerus #Radiology ... #Orthopedics #MSK
Triquetral Fracture
The triquetrum is the second most commonly fractured carpal bone. Look for the "pooping duck
"pooping duck sign ... "pooping duck sign ... 1 week MH/CCF ... Wrist #Carpal #Radiology ... Orthopedics #Sports #MSK
Scapholunate Dissociation
The spacing between all carpal bones should be 1-2 mm, look for the "Terry Thomas"
"Terry Thomas" sign ... ("Terry Thomas sign ... 1 week MH/CCF ... Scaphoid #Carpal #Radiology ... Orthopedics #Sports #MSK
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
overload -> - CHF ... Constipation - MSK ... Syndrome #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
More Specific Signs ... Less Specific Signs ... Chest x-ray: signs ... → no signs of CXR ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Scoliosis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings (Cobb Angle > 10 Degrees)

 • Incr Axial rotation of thoracic
Scapula and/or Breasts ... > Shortness of Breath ... #Scoliosis #pathophysiology ... #msk #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Pleural effusion is not always visible as a meniscus in the costophrenic angle. 
A subpulmonic effusion
a patient with signs ... of CHF. ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CHF #Pleural