50 results
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
/ AIDS - Differential ... present in 15% of cases ... Demyelinating disease caused ... and <25% culture positive ... CNS #Infections #differential
Eosinophils (Eos) and hypereosinophilia (HE)
Caused by eosinophilopoietic cytokines
Common causes:
 - Drug reaction
 - Helminth infection
 -
cytokines Common causes ... disease Rare causes ... CD3-CD4+ T cells ... Viral infections (HIV ... hypereosinophilia #HE #Differential
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Increased Intake
 • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... - Differential ... Reduced Excretion (IV ... potassium with ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia 
Clinical 
 • Caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii (formerly carinil) 
 • Immunocompromised host
Clinical • Caused ... Immunocompromised host (HIV ... ) • Seen in HIV ... positive patients ... with CD4 < 200
Acute Retroviral Syndrome
Acute Retroviral Syndrome is the symptomatic presentation of acute human immunodeficiency virus infection

 •
elevation • Nausea ... Presentations: • Opportunistic ... during transient CD4 ... 14%), in which case ... opportunistic infections
Medications that Can Cause False Positives on Drug Tests

Urine drug screens (UDSs) are simple to use,
Medications that Can Cause ... medications can cause ... food products • HIV ... Protonix), may cause ... #drug #tests #differential
Causes of Polyneuropathy - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Metabolic: DM, Hypothyroidism, CKD, Cirrhosis, Nutritional deficiency
 •
Causes of Polyneuropathy ... - Differential ... Hypothyroidism, CKD ... - Infectious: HIV ... Polyneuropathy #Differential
Creatine Kinase - Causes of Elevated CK Levels
Acute CK Elevation (Pain > Weakness):
 • RHABDOMYOLYSIS
Creatine Kinase - Causes ... COVID19, CMV/EBV, HIV ... Subacute to Chronic Causes ... Chronic Illness: HIV ... #differential #
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in HIV-AIDS Patients
Cytomegalovirus (CMV): double-stranded DNA virus, herpesvirus family.
CMV infection: virus isolation or detection
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in HIV-AIDS ... inclusions or positive ... and CD4 50 or less ... Retinitis (Most common cause ... AIDS #diagnosis #differential
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Hyperkalemia: • CKD ... potassium • Beta ... #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high