22 results
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
HIV / AIDS - Differential ... : • Most CNS opportunistic ... • CNS opportunistic ... and <25% culture positive ... #Infections #differential
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
Toxoplasmosis (CD4 ... Lymphoma (CD4 < ... Lesions #Brain #differential ... #diagnosis #causes ... #radiology #neurology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Hyponatremia - Differential ... treat underlying cause ... Pulmonary Diseases, CNS ... always exclude: CKD ... Algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Algorithm and Differential ... blood count with differential ... osmolarity If cause ... clinical context and signs ... #causes
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in HIV-AIDS Patients
Cytomegalovirus (CMV): double-stranded DNA virus, herpesvirus family.
CMV infection: virus isolation or detection
of symptoms or signs ... inclusions or positive ... 50 or less: • Neurologic ... Retinitis (Most common cause ... AIDS #diagnosis #differential
13 Dangerous Causes of Headache:
 - subarachnoid hemorrhage: family history, PCKD, known berry aneurysm, sudden and
13 Dangerous Causes ... head in dependent position ... thrombophilia, neurologic ... signs/symptoms ... Dangerous #Deadly #Differential
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
Weakness - Differential ... pulmonary etc) • CNS ... Lack of UMN/LMN signs ... Up: • Chem: CPK ... #Diagnosis #neurology
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
CNS Infections - ... Acute meningeal signs ... • Gram stain: Positive ... Singh @rav7ks #CNS ... #diagnosis #neurology
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
involvement: Intractable nausea ... pain • Extra-CNS ... complications (AQP4-positive ... Manifestations #diagnosis #neurology ... #symptoms #signs
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Heat Stroke - Differential ... → Syncope • Signs ... lactic acidosis - CPK ... heat #illness #differential ... #diagnosis #causes