35 results
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
HIV / AIDS - Differential ... CNS Opportunistic ... • CNS opportunistic ... Demyelinating disease caused ... and <25% culture positive
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • AKI/CKD Mineralocorticoid ... HTN #Secondary #Nephrology ... #Differential #
Primary and Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary (Essential) (95%) - Onset between age
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Positive family ... parenchymal disease - CKD ... excess (Cushing syndrome
Causes of Encephalopathy - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hyperacute:
 - Primary Neurologic: Vascular (IS, ICH), Seizure, Migraine, Trauma
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Systemic: Hypertensive ... paraneoplastic syndromes ... #Causes
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
Chorioretinitis • Diagnosis ... - Compatible syndrome ... Lesions #Brain #differential ... #diagnosis #causes ... #radiology #neurology
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
Diagnosis Algorithm ... papilledema • Horner syndrome ... history of cancer, HIV ... brain lesion • CNS ... #neurology #PHANTOMS
Localizing Extraocular Movement Disorders
 • CN Ill (Oculomotor) Nerve Palsy 
 • CN IV (Trochlear) Nerve
IV (Trochlear) ... One-and-a-half Syndrome ... ophthalmology #neurology ... #differential # ... diagnosis #ocular
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
treat underlying cause ... cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome ... Pulmonary Diseases, CNS ... always exclude: CKD ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Workup and Differential ... Diagnosis Approach ... heart failure, neurologic ... Neurologic disorders ... #Differential #
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Diagnosis Baseline ... osmolarity If cause ... , HIV serology, ... #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes