18 results
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
HIV / AIDS - Differential ... : • Most CNS opportunistic ... • CNS opportunistic ... and <25% culture positive ... #Infections #differential
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
Toxoplasmosis (CD4 ... Diagnosis- Compatible syndrome ... Lesions #Brain #differential ... #diagnosis #causes ... #radiology #neurology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Hyponatremia - Differential ... treat underlying cause ... cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome ... Pulmonary Diseases, CNS ... always exclude: CKD
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
osmolarity If cause ... clinical context and signs ... Abdominal compartment syndrome ... • Cardio-renal syndrome ... #causes
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
involvement: Intractable nausea ... pain • Extra-CNS ... complications (AQP4-positive ... Manifestations #diagnosis #neurology ... #symptoms #signs
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
Weakness - Differential ... Lack of UMN/LMN signs ... Up: • Chem: CPK ... #Weakness #Differential ... #Diagnosis #neurology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup and Differential ... hypertension and signs ... renal bruit or signs ... Neurologic disorders ... #Differential #
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in HIV-AIDS Patients
Cytomegalovirus (CMV): double-stranded DNA virus, herpesvirus family.
CMV infection: virus isolation or detection
of symptoms or signs ... inclusions or positive ... 50 or less: • Neurologic ... Retinitis (Most common cause ... AIDS #diagnosis #differential
Behçet's Syndrome
Systemic disease associated with inflammation of multiple organs, small-vessel vasculitis and large-vessel vasculopathy
Epidemiology:
 • Young
skin injury) • Neurologic ... basal ganglia, CNS ... Skin lesions • Positive ... Behcet disease) Differential ... diagnosis #management #signs
13 Dangerous Causes of Headache:
 - subarachnoid hemorrhage: family history, PCKD, known berry aneurysm, sudden and
13 Dangerous Causes ... head in dependent position ... thrombophilia, neurologic ... signs/symptoms ... Dangerous #Deadly #Differential