32 results
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
- Differential ... , Milk Alkali Syndrome ... , Viral Syndromes ... #Differential # ... Algorithm #Workup #nephrology
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
Toxoplasmosis (CD4 ... Diagnosis- Compatible syndrome ... Lymphoma (CD4 < ... Lesions #Brain #differential ... causes #radiology #neurology
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
: • Most CNS opportunistic ... • CNS opportunistic ... Demyelinating disease ... and <25% culture positive ... InfectiousDiseases #Neurology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Hyponatremia - Differential ... cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome ... , CNS Disease, Meds ... always exclude: CKD ... Algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
BEE Syndromes - Immune-mediated conditions affecting the brain, eye, and ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in conjunction
nervous system (CNS ... and less common diseases ... polychondritis • Behcet disease ... #neurology #inflammatory ... #differential #
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Myoglobinuria: UA positive ... of underlying disease ... Rhabdomyolysis #Differential ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... : • CKD • Poorly ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... • Addison’s disease ... potassium #high #nephrology
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome ... symptomatology Differential ... : - ANCA-positive ... #differential # ... diagnosis #nephrology
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
mainly AQP4-lgG disease ... (AQP4-lgG disease ... pain • Extra-CNS ... complications (AQP4-positive ... Manifestations #diagnosis #neurology
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
Hypertension - Differential ... Renal Parenchymal Diseases ... Hyperthyroidism • Hypercalcemia ... HTN #Secondary #Nephrology ... #Differential #