608 results
Causes of Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis
Decreased calcium absorption
 • Vitamin D deficiency
    -
Decreased calcium absorption ... • Vitamin D deficiency ... excretion/reduced bone resorption ... resistance to bone resorption ... resistance to bone resorption
High-Res Chest CT Patterns - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Reticular:
 • Septal Thickening: Lymphangitic Carcinoma, Interstitial Edema, Alveolar
, ABPA, Immune Deficiency ... Sophia_Hayes_MD #High #Resolution
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
intestinal calcium absorption ... and stimulates resorption ... Stimulate calcium reabsorption ... kidney, Stimulates resorption
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Effect in Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia:
   ↑ intestinal
↑ intestinal absorption ... ↑ bone reabsorption ... ↑ tubular reabsorption ... Hypophosphatemia: ↑ bone reabsorption ... ↓↓ tubular reabsorption
Hypercalcemia - Hormones and Pathophysiology  
Calcitriol:
 • Bones: Enhances mineralization
 • GI Tract: ↑ Ca2+
, ↑ PO4- absorption ... , ↑ PO4- reabsorption ... Bones: ↑ Bone resorption ... Bones: ↓ Bone resorption ... , PO4- reabsorption
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
• HRCT (high-resolution ... α1-antitrypsin deficiency
Folate Deficiency - Causes of Decreased Folic Acid
↓ Intake: Diet, Age, Alcohol
↑ Demand: Pregnancy, Infancy, Hemolysis,
Folate Deficiency ... Severe dermatitis ↓ Absorption ... drkeithsiau #Folate #Deficiency
Causes of B12 deficiency. 

This great diagram shows normal absorption and outlines most possible causes. At
Causes of B12 deficiency ... diagram shows normal absorption ... the top is a B12-deficient ... #VitaminB12 #deficiency
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Miscellaneous - Bone Resorption ... - Calcium Reabsorption
Causes of Iron Deficiency
 • Inadequate Intake: Vegetarian/vegan diet, Malnutrition
 • Increased Body Needs: Infants/preschoolers, Pregnancy,
Causes of Iron Deficiency ... Steroids • Reduced absorption ... cancer) #Iron #Deficiency