15 results
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Diabetic acidosis - Renal ... • Chronic renal ... failure • ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hormone–independent Renal ... failure, acute ... Hypercalcemia #Causes ... Differential #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
papilledema, heart failure ... eg, presence of renal ... : Renal artery stenosis ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... Renal parenchymal
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Clinical Manifestations

Causes of Thiamine Deficiency:
 • Poor intake:
	- Diets
Manifestations Causes ... Diuretic use - Renal ... renal failure: ... - AV shunt, renal ... beriberi #nutrition #pathophysiology
Varicocele: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Primary:
 - Anatomically: the left spermatic vein drains into the left renal
into the left renal ... Effect: The left renal ... blood in left renal ... Secondary: - Renal ... #Signs #Symptoms
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Medical Comorbidities Malignancies (most commonly hairy-cell leukemia)
Immunogenetic Predisposition: patient is
Viral replication causes ... Hypertension - Renal ... ischemia - Heart failure ... PolyarteritisNodosa #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
contribution of liver or renal ... peritonitis - Acute ... deficiency - Renal ... lactate production Renal ... #typea #typeb #classification
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
out of cells may cause ... patient has good renal ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... , and possibly renal ... failure Clinical ... and progressive Acute ... Diagnosis #Management #Signs
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Congestive heart failure ... Renal resistance ... Advanced renal insufficiency ... End-stage renal ... High #Potassium #Classification