12 results
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
aldosterone Causes ... : Most Common Causes ... Tuberculosis: can cause ... Lung cancer • Renal ... addisons #disease #endocrinology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
papilledema, heart failure ... eg, presence of renal ... : Renal artery stenosis ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... Renal parenchymal
Varicocele: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Primary:
 - Anatomically: the left spermatic vein drains into the left renal
into the left renal ... Effect: The left renal ... blood in left renal ... Secondary: - Renal ... valve leaflet failure
Biphasic Illness of Leptospirosis
Some patients do not progress to severe disease. Others, rapidly develop severe disease
brief interval symptom ... rash • Others: nausea ... Weil's disease (renal ... and multi-organ failure ... Diagnosis #Illness #Signs
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Medical Comorbidities Malignancies (most commonly hairy-cell leukemia)
Immunogenetic Predisposition: patient is
Viral replication causes ... Hypertension - Renal ... ischemia - Heart failure ... Pathophysiology #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms #Vasculitis
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
out of cells may cause ... patient has good renal ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... Abdominal pain, nausea ... pathophysiology #endocrinology
Management of Hyponatremia
Hypertonic Saline - Only indicated if patient has severe symptoms + Na < 125
Give
patient has severe symptoms ... all • Heart Failure ... SIADH — look for cause ... hourly • Identify Cause ... considerations: Addison's, Renal
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
, and possibly renal ... failure Clinical ... patients have no symptoms ... Diagnosis #Management #Signs ... #Symptoms
Clinical Manifestations of Sickle Cell Disease

Anaemia
Infection
Painful crises
Priapism
Splenomegaly
Long Term Problems - Short stature and delayed puberty, Stroke
Infection Painful crises ... enlargement, Heart failure ... , Renal dysfunction ... SickleCell #Disease #Signs ... #Symptoms #Diagnosis
Paget’s Disease: Complications
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause excessive bone turnover -> Incr bone resorption, Incr (abnormal) bone formation

MSK
Pathologic fractures Renal ... resorption, Incr renal ... Congestive Heart Failure ... pathophysiology #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications