11 results
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
papilledema, heart failure ... eg, presence of renal ... : Renal artery stenosis ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... Renal parenchymal
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
aldosterone Causes ... Lung cancer • Renal ... if unexpected hypotension ... Orthostasis • Hypotension ... addisons #disease #endocrinology
Causes of Anemia by Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (<80
Causes of Anemia ... Hemolysis • Marrow Failure ... Renal Disease, Liver ... #Anemia #MCV #Classification ... #Hematology
Clinical Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension

1. Pulmonary arterial hypertension from pulmonary vasculopathy
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
Heritable gene mutations
Clinical Classification ... mediastinitis, chronic renal ... failure #Pulmonary ... PHTN #Classification ... #Differential #Causes
Shock Overview
A state of tissue hypoxia due to decreased or dysregulated oxygen delivery or extraction, resulting
the setting of hypotension ... depressed) • Renal ... vomiting/diarrhea), renal ... #differential #causes ... #classification
Shock Overview
A state of tissue hypoxia due to decreased or dysregulated oxygen delivery or extraction, resulting
the setting of hypotension ... depressed) • Renal ... vomiting/diarrhea), renal ... #differential #causes ... #classification
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Medical Comorbidities Malignancies (most commonly hairy-cell leukemia)
Immunogenetic Predisposition: patient is
Viral replication causes ... - Malignant Hypertension ... - Renal Insufficiency ... ischemia - Heart failure ... Pathophysiology #Diagnosis #Signs
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
out of cells may cause ... patient has good renal ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... orthostasis: postural hypotension ... pathophysiology #endocrinology
Blood Transfusion Reactions

Immune Mediated:
 • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
, DIC, hypoTN, renal ... failure. ... Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... ↑bleeding • Hypotension
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
or acute liver failure ... vasodilation → ↓ renal ... perfusion + ↑ renal ... • Renal vasoconstriction ... Classification: