2725 results
Aortic Stenosis - Diagnosis and Stages

Clinical Presentation
- Exertional dyspnea
- Chest pain
- Palpitations
- HF Symptoms (orthopnea, PND,
or diminished S2 ... Diagnosis #Stages #Management
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH) and Pulmonary Thromboendarterectomy
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Definition: mean pulmonary-artery pressure > 25mmHg
fixed splitting of S2 ... Thromboendarterectomy #diagnosis #management
Cardiac Auscultation Practice - Normal Heart sound
Tap a simple One-Two tap with the first and second
just made S1 & S2
Pulmonary Embolism - Signs and Symptoms
Most Common Presenting SYMPTOMS 
 - Dyspnea at rest or with
pulmonic component of S2
Jugular Waveform Components 
 • a wave - due to atrial contraction: It occurs just before
until after the S2
Kussmaul's sign in Constrictive Pericarditis 

A 50-year-old woman with a remote history of mediastinal lymphoma (age
heart sound after S2
Pudendal Neuralgia
• Pudendal nerve arises from S2-S4 roots and innervates perineal structures
• Nerve is prone to
nerve arises from S2
CHA2DS2VASc vs HAS-BLED scores for stroke risk and bleed risk on anticoagulation

C	Congestive Heart Failure	1

H	Hypertension	1

A2	Age >75	2

D	Diabetes Mellitus	1

S2	Stroke,
Diabetes Mellitus 1 S2
Giant A waves caused by pulmonary HTN. There are two clearly discernible descents (X and Y)
persistently split S2
Spinal Cord Injury by Nerve Root Levels
Spinal Root	Sensory	Motor	Reflex
C4	Acromioclavicular Joint	Respiration	None
C5	Radial Antecubital Fossa	Elbow Flexion	Biceps Reflex
C6	Dorsal Thumb	Wrist Extension	Brachioradialis Reflex
C7	Dorsal
Ankle Jerk Reflex S2