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Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Overview Cauda Equina ... Symptoms - Cauda equina ... Causes of Cauda Equina ... perianal region (S2-S4
Cardiac Auscultation Practice - S4 Gallop

S4: add this extra heart sounds by tapping first finger twice

Setup:
Auscultation Practice - S4 ... Gallop S4: add
Double Apical Impulse (S4) Visualization on Physical Exam - Hi-Res Video Version: https://www.grepmed.com/images/7802/physicalexam-cardiology-impulse-double-gallop-apical-signs

On palpation, the PMI
Apical Impulse (S4 ... A prominent S4 sound ... The S4 sound is ... Apical #Impulse #S4
Apical Impulse Waveforms on Physical Examination
- Normal
- Sustained Palpable S4
- "Triple Ripple"
- Palpable S3

#Apical #Impulse #Waveforms
Sustained Palpable S4
Lumbar Central Canal Stenosis Grading 
  - Normal - No CSF effacement 
  -
of CSF; cauda equina ... Aggregation of cauda equina
Cauda Equina Syndrome:

Top tips to save your arse (and your patient’s!)

1. Suspect? Investigate. If CES (threatened,
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... DrLindaDykes #Cauda #Equina
Myotomes of the Spinal Cord
Each segmental nerve root innervates more than one muscle. For simplicity, certain
this is the cauda equina ... The cauda equina
Double Apical Impulse (S4) Visualization on Physical Exam - A small stick taped to the chest
Apical Impulse (S4 ... had a prominent S4 ... Apical #Impulse #S4
Lumbar stenosis guide we created to implement consistent radiology reporting across our multi-hospital network. 
Lumbar Central
of CSF; cauda equina ... Aggregation of cauda equina
Myocarditis
Diagnosis 
• Endomyocardial biopsy (gold standard, rarely performed) 
• Clinical presentation 
• Cardiovascular MRI 
Clinical 
•
tachycardia • S3, S4