SAAG serum nephrology diagnosis hyponatremia hypernatremia causes classification insufficiency

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Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status

Hypervolemic hypernatremia
- CHF

and Features of Hyponatremia ... Hypervolemic hypernatremia ... Normovolemic hyponatremia ... Diarrhea #Hyponatremia ... #Table #Causes

Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2. Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA

Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... mmol/L - true hyponatremia ... hypothyroidism • adrenal insufficiency ... renal failure #Hypernatremia ... #Algorithm #Nephrology

Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to

Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... osmole intake #Hyponatremia ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Causes

Hypo-osmolar Hypotonic HypoNatremia Algorithm (Serum Na+ < 135 meq/L, serum Osm < 275 mosm/kg)
Assess Volume Status,

Hypo-osmolar Hypotonic HypoNatremia ... Algorithm (Serum ... Urine Osm #Hyponatremia ... #Algorithm #Diagnosis ... #Nephrology #Differential

Diagnosis and Management ... of Hypernatremia ... #Hypernatremia ... Differential #Algorithm #Causes ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis

Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
• UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)

Hyponatremia Diagnosis ... intake, Renal insufficiency ... @NephroMD #hyponatremia ... #algorithm #causes ... #nephrology

True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum

True Hyponatremia ... urine sodium and serum ... and hypervolemic hyponatremia ... low in euvolemic hyponatremia ... #Nephrology

Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High

Causes of Hypernatremia ... Algorithm Hypernatremia ... free water loss, Serum ... Hyperventilation #Hypernatremia ... #Nephrology #Differential

Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia:
• ADH ON (UOsm > 100):

Modified Hyponatremia ... Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia ... irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology

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