10 results
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
pressure - Normal/low ... casts - Absent Serum ... albumin - Low ... #Comparison #Table ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Based Approach to Hyponatremia ... Hypothyroidism, Low ... failure, Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... #algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
algorithm Urine Na+K / serum ... failure, Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #sodium ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... 3 questions to work ... Calculate serum ... #Treatment #management ... #nephrology #sodium
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease 

24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
in monitoring low-level ... glomerular #testing #workup ... #diagnosis #glomerulonephritis ... #nephrotic #nephritic ... #nephrology
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease
1) 24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
in monitoring low-level ... glomerular #disease #workup ... #diagnosis #initial ... #testing #nephrology ... #nephrotic #nephritis
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... irrigation • Management ... syndrome • Hyponatremia ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Medications #Table
Drug Induced Lupus vs SLE
Drug Induced Lupus (DIL):
 • Epidemiology: -10% of all lupus cases, drug-dependent,
in >90% - Low ... ulcers, Lupus nephritis ... sle #comparison #table ... #rheumatology #diagnosis ... #management
Primary Polydipsia
Definition: Excessive volitional water intake
Epidemiology:
 • 6-20% of patients with psychiatric disorders - Most commonly
• Symptomatic hyponatremia ... intoxication Initial Workup ... : Serum Osm, Urine ... Osm, Serum Sodium ... #management #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... reabsorption) Workup ... Elimination (see Table ... acidosis) • Low ... #potassium #nephrology