13 results
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Causes of High-anion ... Renal failure (acute ... and chronic) Causes ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
(ALL) • Acute ... Drug-induced • High ... • Diabetic acidosis ... Sarcoidosis • Hypercalcemia ... • Organic acids
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
algorithm Decreased ... excretion • Acute ... renal failure • Chronic ... Supplementation (oral/iv ... #nephrology #potassium
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm
 • IV calcium
 • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt
 • Consider
Hyperkalemia - Management ... AlgorithmIV ... bicarbonate if acidosis ... Consider Dialysis Serum ... #potassium #high
Algorithm for Management of Acute and Chronic Hyperkalemia
Acute Hyperkalemia:
 - IV calcium (10 mL of 10%)
Algorithm for Management ... of Acute and Chronic ... Hyperkalemia Acute ... #Algorithm #Management ... #Acute #Chronic
KDIGO Treatment algorithm for management of acute hyperkalemia in the emergency department
 • Place on cardiac
of acute hyperkalemia ... bicarbonate if acidosis ... #management #algorithm ... treatment #potassium #high ... #nephrology #KDIGO
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... transfusion • HTN and edema ... - Metabolic acidosis ... causes #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... transfusion • HTN and edema ... - Metabolic acidosis ... causes #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
irrigation • Management ... Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... Torsemide) • Acute ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Hypomagnesemia, Acute ... and lymphomas, IV ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology