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diagnosis differential hyponatremia management neurology sodium cns crrt encephalopathy hiv hypernatremia hypokalemia infections infectiousdiseases intercellularshift k low managment modalities modes
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min) Osmotic
Causes of Polyuria ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine Osmolality > Serum ... #Polyuria #Nephrology ... #Causes
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia ... table #sodium #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... free water loss, Serum ... 300 mmol/kg • Hypertonic ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology ... #Causes
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
- Differential Algorithm ... , Recent TURP Hypotonic ... polydipsia • Hypervolemia ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Weakness, cramping, nausea ... only if no clear cause ... Use gtt, NOT hypertonic ... caution in HTN & edema ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Intercellular Shift - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift - Appropriate renal excretion (GFR,
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Release - Increased Serum ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology ... #Causes
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by: • Headache • Seizures • Altered mental
Blood transfusion, Hypercalcemia ... the underlying cause ... Seizures: Treat with AEDs ... until cause identified ... diagnosis #management #neurology
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections: •
Infection in HIV / AIDS ... + mass effect/Edema ... Demyelinating disease caused ... - +mass effect/Edema ... sensitivity of serum
Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) - ICU One Pager Summary Indications (AIEOU): • A: Acidosis (usually severe metabolic)
derangements (hyperkalemia ... , hypercalcemia, ... Overload (pulmonary edema ... chosen to match serum ... RRT #managment #nephrology
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. ***Typical presentations: • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm ... after correcting serum ... continued in most cases ... #differential #algorithm ... #nephrology
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