35 results
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... Symport (Loop Diuretics ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology ... #Medications #Table
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
thiazide-like diuretics ... Postobstructive diuresis ... , Osmotic diuresis ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
GI losses - Chronic ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... - Osmotic diuresis ... Post-obstructive diuresis ... Low #Magnesium #Table
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... : • Acute or chronic ... #Causes #nephrology
Algorithm for Management of Acute and Chronic Hyperkalemia
Acute Hyperkalemia:
 - IV calcium (10 mL of 10%)
sodium bicarbonate, Diuretics ... optimal dose after serum ... ) - Effective diuretic ... therapy (loop diuretics ... #treatment #nephrology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift
 • Recovery From DKA
 • Refeeding Syndrome
 • Acute Respiratory
Hypophosphatemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Alkalosis • Hypokalemia ... Syndrome • Osmotic Diuresis ... Acetazolamide and Thiazide Diuretics
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Urine Na+K / serum ... Renal Sodium loss (diuretics ... deficiency, Post-AKI diuresis ... (AKI, Post-AKI diuresis ... #diagnosis #table
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
3L /day Water Diuresis ... Insipidus Mixed Diuresis ... Partial Dl • Chronic ... Failure Solute Diuresis ... #causes #nephrology
Compelling and Possible Contraindications to Antihypertensive Drugs
Diuretics (thiazides)
 - Gout
 - Metabolic syndrome, Glucose intolerance, Pregnancy,
Antihypertensive Drugs Diuretics ... , Serum creatinine ... Angioneurotic edema ... active patients, Chronic ... contraindications #table
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, Differential ... - Acute and chronic ... Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... hyponatremia - Diuretics ... #Diagnosis #Table