44 results
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
water retention 1) Serum ... Osmolarity 3) Urine Sodium ... 4) Serum Uric Acid ... salt wasting By Rachel ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Fractional Excretion of Sodium - FENa
Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FENa) = (Urine Na+ x Serum Cr)
Fractional Excretion of Sodium ... Fractional Excretion of Sodium ... = (Urine Na+ x Serum ... Cr) / (Serum Na ... #nephrology #calculation
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
examination, check urine sodium ... and serum uric ... acid: - Urine sodium ... hyponatremia - Urine sodium ... Algorithm #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
aldosterone Causes ... Tuberculosis: can cause ... sodium • ↑ Serum ... sodium • ↓ Plasma ... tests: - Check sodium
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... free water loss, Serum ... Sodium >145 mmol ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Table

 • Step 1: Correct for hyperglycemia. Corrected Na = [(glucose - 100)/
repeat BMP • Serum ... Diagnosis #Table #nephrology ... #sodium
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Hyponatremia Hypovolemic, Serum ... wasting Euvolemic, Serum ... Hypervolemic, Serum ... algorithm #diagnosis #sodium ... #low #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
Red blood cell casts ... - Absent Serum ... - Present Serum ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... Comparison #Table #Nephrology
Hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by an excess of total body water
electrolyte abnormality caused ... Measuring the serum ... among the possible causes ... having a fall in serum ... decrease in the serum