84 results
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... ≥100): SIADH, Renal ... Insufficiency, Cerebral Salt ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... corticoid deficiency, Salt-losing ... diuresis, Cerebral salt ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... High Uric Acid → renal ... salt wasting By ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #sodium
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) 
Type 1 - Failure of secretion
Type 2 - Bicarbonate wasting
Type 4 -
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... features and high salt ... diet #Renal ... classification #nephrology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Na <20: Extra-renal ... Urine Na >30: Renal ... losses, Cerebral salt ... #Hyponatremia #algorithm ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Kidney Biopsy - Diagnosis Algorithms
1) Normal Glomerulus by LM
2) Glomerular Crescents
3) Double Contours of GBM
4) Endocapillary
Biopsy - Diagnosis Algorithms ... Kidney #Biopsy #renal ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #pathology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... Hypervolemic (Excess salt ... , Ingestion Renal ... #nephrology #sodium
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Drugs - SIADH Renal ... Mineralocorticoid deficit - Salt-losing ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table
Renal Tubular Acidosis - Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Hyperkalemic Type 4 RTA
 • Hypokalemic Type 1 RTA
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... - Diagnosis Algorithm ... RTA • RTA of renal ... Acidosis #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
perspiration Renal ... insipidus Excessive salt ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology