2506 results
Gitelman Syndrome - Management
Treatment includes
 - Electrolyte replacement - K & Mg, preferably Cl salts
Gitelman Syndrome ... preferably Cl salts ... food - Liberal salt ... SRameshMD #Gitelman #Syndrome ... Management #Treatment #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
corticoid deficiency, Salt-losing ... diuresis, Cerebral salt ... wasting syndrome ... Stress, Drugs, Syndrome ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome ... autosomal recessive salt-losing ... dr_missyhanna #Gitelman #Syndrome ... Pathophysiology #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Hypervolemic (Excess salt ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
losses, Cerebral salt ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... osmostat, Cerebral salt ... diagnosis #sodium #nephrology
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome ... hyperaldosteronism, Salt ... Comparison #Table #Nephrology
Cardiorenal Syndrome (CRS) Types
 • Type 1 - Acute CRS: Alteration of renal perfusion is the
Cardiorenal Syndrome ... 3 - Acute RCS: Salt ... #Cardiorenal #Syndrome ... Types #cardiology #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... AR) hypokalemic salt-losing ... • Gitelman's syndrome ... diuretic abuse • Salt ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Insufficiency, Cerebral Salt ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... table #sodium #nephrology