10 results
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN)
RPGN has three primary pathophysiologic causes differentiated by immunofluorescence

Immune Complex Mediated (granular staining):
three primary pathophysiologic ... causes differentiated ... Post-strep GN, Lupus ... Normal Complement: IgA ... Purpura Anti-GBM antibodies
ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) and ANCA (Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies)
 • Systemic lupus erythematosus
   1. Anti-dsDNA
) • Systemic lupus ... Anti-dsDNA (in 70% of cases ... seen in 30—70% of cases ... Anti-Ro/SSA ... #diagnosis #rheumatology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis ... 65 years PBC Pathophysiology ... intralobular bile ducts causes ... • Antithyroid antibodies ... diagnosis #workup #hepatology
Hydroxychloroquine - Risks and Benefits in Lupus
Benefits:
↓ Disease activity, ↓ Flare, ↓ Damage, ↓ Corticosteroid dose,
and Benefits in Lupus ... Hyperlipidemia, ↓ SSA-associated ... rare with ~100 cases ... Risks #Benefits #Lupus ... #pharmacology #
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
current) causing ↓SA ... Vaughan #Williams #Pharmacology ... Classification #Classes ... #pathophysiology ... #cardiology
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Overview

Increased Clotting and Consumption of Clotting Factors

Findings:
 • Bleeding
 • Recent history
protein C and S Pathophysiology ... HIT: Heparin-PF4 antibodies ... Treat primary cause ... Coagulation #diagnosis #causes ... treatment #management #hematology
Sjogren's Syndrome Overview

Epidemiology:
• F > M: 9:1
• 5-6th Decades (can be any age)

Autoimmune exocrinopathy multisystemic disease
hypofunction • Antibodies ... Hypocomplementemia • Can cause ... primary biliary cirrhosis ... Nephrogenic DI Hematologic ... lubricants • Pharmacologic
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology ... current) causing ↓SA ... Classification #Classes ... #pathophysiology ... #phases #cardiology
Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APLS) Testing - Hypercoagulable Workup Algorithm
INDICATIONS FOR TESTING:
 • Vascular thrombosis
maternal chromosomal causes ... excluded Testing: • Lupus ... Cardiolipin Antibody, IgA ... Glycoprotein 1 Antibody, IgA ... Algorithm #diagnosis #hematology
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
Schonlein Purpura (IgA ... tract, and often causes ... inflammation Others: • Lupus ... such as systemic lupus ... C-ANCA) pattern: antibodies