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Oral Antihypertensive Medications - Selection by Comorbidities
Comorbidities: 
 • Stable Angina, HFpEF, HFrEF, AFib, TAA/Marfan, Aortic
Dissection • CKD ... , DM, ESRD, PKD ... Tremor • Supine HTN ... #Hypertension #HTN ... #pharmacology #table
Diabetes Medications Summary Table
Insulin
Lifestyle modifications
Metformin
Sulfonylureas
GLP-1 receptor agonists - ↓ major adverse CV events
TZDs
DPP-4 inhibitors
SGLT2 inhibitors -
Medications Summary Table ... -4 inhibitors SGLT2 ... Improved outcomes in CKD ... #medications #table ... endocrinology #dm2
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Consider secondary HTN ... syndrome • AKI/CKD ... #Hypertension #HTN ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Non-ACS Myocardial Injury - Elevated Troponin Differential Diagnosis and Workup Algorithm

 • Chronic Myocardial Injury: End
Diagnosis and Workup Algorithm ... Volume Overload/HTN ... Occlusion • Stable ... CAD Dr. ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Stages in the development of HF and recommended therapy by stage. ACEI indicates angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor;
angiotensin-receptor blocker; CAD ... resynchronization therapy; DM ... quality of life; HTN ... Stages #ACCAHA #Algorithm
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... Hyperkalemia: • CKD ... Poorly controlled DM ... transfusion • HTN ... causes #potassium #high
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... Hyperkalemia: • CKD ... Poorly controlled DM ... transfusion • HTN ... causes #potassium #high
Algorithm for Diagnosis and Management of Resistant Hypertension in CKD
Pseudoresistant Hypertension - Reduce barriers to adherence:
Algorithm for Diagnosis ... other causes of 2° HTN ... 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 ... antagonist →Refer to HTN ... #Algorithm #Diagnosis
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
Insulin dependent DM ... ASA class If high ... event, follow ACC algorithm ... Stable patients ... of Surgery: • High
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
transfusions), ↓insulin (DM ... VBG (acidosis), CK ... Elimination (see Table ... ) - caution in HTN