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diagnosis differential hyperkalemia algorithm hypokalemia classification management alkalosis bariatric bypass chloride complications crrt diuresis diuretics elevation excretion gastric gastroenterology gitelman
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Algorithm Extra-renal ... • HTN, High Aldosterone ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
suggests extra-renal ... causes • Laxative ... urinary losses: • High ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #nephrology #low
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
- Tumor lysis syndrome ... - Metabolic acidosis ... Medications 2. ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
- Tumor lysis syndrome ... - Metabolic acidosis ... Medications 2. ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... , Gitelman syndrome ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Etiology: • Medications ... only if no clear cause ... STOP offending medications ... ) • Low K diet ... #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
perfusion - shock->treatments ... before beginning treatment ... LV failure - Low ... - Compartment syndrome ... - HIV/HAART medications
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... , Renal tubular ... acidosis (RTA)) ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... Kidney stones caused ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology #Medications
Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) - ICU One Pager Summary Indications (AIEOU): • A: Acidosis (usually severe metabolic)
Pager Summary Indications ... (AIEOU): • A: Acidosis ... SLEDD (Sustained low ... High clearance achieved ... RRT #managment #nephrology
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