11 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Acute and chronic kidney ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia

Hypokalemia results from abnormal losses, transcellular shifts, or insufficient intake (Table 1).6–8 Abnormal losses
Causes of Hypokalemia ... insufficient intake (Table ... .9 Because the kidney ... rarely the sole cause ... #Differential #Causes
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
sensitivity in kidneys ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
cirrhosis, chronic kidney ... cirrhosis, chronic kidney ... insipidus • Kidney ... stones caused by ... #Medications #Table
Back Pain - Differential Diagnosis
Primary Back Pathology:
 • Musculoligamentous injury (a.k.a. lumbosacral strain)
 • Spondylosis (i.e.
collection • Kidney ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes ... #primarycare #table
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Causes of Secondary ... with previously stable ... disturbance, or acute kidney ... Causes: • Vascular ... Hypertension #Workup #causes
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus

AXR. KUB
 - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
obstruction - Able ... identify non-calculus causes ... for non-calculus causes ... Calculi #Renal #Kidney
Drug Induced Lupus vs SLE
Drug Induced Lupus (DIL):
 • Epidemiology: -10% of all lupus cases, drug-dependent,
10% of all lupus cases ... myalgia, serositis, Kidney ... Discontinuation of causal ... Positive in 60-80% of cases ... sle #comparison #table
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... nephrotoxicity to kidney ... per day until stable ... Diagnosis #Management #causes
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
forward flow to the kidneys ... the determined cause ... cardiology #treatment #table