14 results
Hypothyroid Myopathy
Very common (up to 80% ) in patients with hypothyroidism
Pathophysiology:
 • T4 deficiency leads to
Hypothyroid Myopathy ... hypothyroidism Pathophysiology ... #Myopathy #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #endocrinology
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
Corticosteroid use • Primary ... Hyperparathyroid - Hyperthyroid ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... or normal): • Primary ... Bone Resorption: Hyperthyroid ... Hypercalcemia #Differential ... Algorithm #causes #endocrinology
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Comparison: • Primary ... Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism - Symptoms and Signs
Hypothyroidism:
 - General - From asymptomatic to myxedema coma, “Like
Hyperthyroidism - Symptoms ... retraction and lid lag ... #Hyperthyroid # ... Symptoms #Signs ... #Diagnosis #endocrinology
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Primary Hyperthyroidism ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Pretibial myxedema #Primary ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Hashitoxicosis

‘Leakage’ symptoms of active Hashimoto’s disease

- Hashitoxicosis (Htx) can occur during the initial hyperthyroid stage in
Hashitoxicosis ‘Leakage’ symptoms ... during the initial hyperthyroid ... ‘Leakage’ symptoms ... Hashitoxicosis #Hashimotos #Endocrinology ... #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Primary Biliary ... 65 years PBC Pathophysiology ... PBC Signs and Symptoms ... bile ducts Differential ... malignancy #Primary
Emergent Causes of Headache and Associated Risk Factors
Carbon monoxide poisoning
 - Breathing in enclosed or confined
with the same symptoms ... dormitories) - Lack of primary ... - History of SAH ... redflags #signs #symptoms ... #differential #
Photophobia and Headache - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Why?
• The coexistence of photophobia and headache suggests the potential
and Headache - Differential ... Primary headaches ... - Autonomic symptoms ... subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH ... Photophobia #Headache #differential