15 results
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... spine Signs / Symptoms ... CaudaEquina #Syndrome #MSK ... #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
Classification: CLASS ... current) causing ↓SA ... inotropy) ACCP Cardiology ... #pathophysiology ... #cardiology
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... improvement in symptoms ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Osgood-Schlatter Disease - MSK Radiology
Imaging Findings:
 • Infrapatellar fat-pad edema with loss of the patellar tendon
Osgood-Schlatter Disease - MSK ... Radiology Imaging ... NOT OSD in all cases ... tear (similar symptoms ... #diagnosis #msk
Trendelenburg Gait: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Skeletal Pathology of the Hip
 • Arthritis
 • Congenital hip dysplasia
Trendelenburg #Gait #pathophysiology ... #causes #symptoms ... signs #diagnosis #msk
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
Classification: CLASS ... current) causing ↓SA ... inotropy) ACCP Cardiology ... #pathophysiology ... #phases #cardiology
Lymphomas and Lymphoproliferative Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hodgkin Lymphoma ~40% - Characteristic For Reed-Sternberg (RS) Cells
are present • Classic ... pattern of spread, B symptoms ... Amy Chung, MD, MSc ... Classification #pathophysiology
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... Features: • Many symptoms ... patients have no symptoms ... anterior/posterior MSK ... Management #Signs #Symptoms
Pseudogout: pathogenesis and clinical findings
 - Idiopathic (vast majority of cases) -> Mechanism unknown
 - Familial
vast majority of cases ... high-resolution ultrasound ... Disease #Signs #Symptoms ... #Pathophysiology
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
: • 1400 new cases ... 10-33% develop MS ... • 75-90% of cases ... monophasic Pathophysiology ... Bilateral signs and/or symptoms