23 results
Purple Urine Bag Syndrome
Chronic, indwelling catheter + bacteriuria (Providencia, Klebsiella, E.coli*) + alkaline urine
Tryptophan → Indoxyl
Purple Urine Bag ... Syndrome Chronic ... #Syndrome #PUBS ... #pathophysiology ... clinical #photo #differential
Urine Specific Gravity - Interpretation
Specific Gravity = Density of urine / Density of water
SG close to
Density of water SG ... to ADH) • ATN SG ... Dehydration • SIADH (syndrome ... Interpretation #diagnosis #differential ... #nephrology
Abnormally Colored Urine - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Red:
 - Hematuria, Hemoglobinuria, Myoglobinuria
 - Beets, Rhubarb, Blackberries, Artificial
Colored Urine - Differential ... - Purple urine bag ... syndrome (chronically ... Discoloration #Differential ... #Diagnosis #nephrology
Localizing Extraocular Movement Disorders
 • CN Ill (Oculomotor) Nerve Palsy 
 • CN IV (Trochlear) Nerve
One-and-a-half Syndrome ... #Localization #ophthalmology ... #neurology #differential
Mydriasis and Miosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Causes of Mydriasis:
Dilated pupils (mydriasis) more than 7mm
 • Unilateral
Mydriasis and Miosis - Differential ... response, Serotonin syndrome ... Miosis: Horner's syndrome ... Robertson pupils), DM, SAH ... #diagnosis #ophthalmology
Anatomical Differential Diagnosis for Arrhythmias
 • SA node: Sinus bradycardia, Sick Sinus Syndrome (SSS)
 • AV
Anatomical Differential ... Arrhythmias • SA ... bradycardia, Sick Sinus Syndrome ... Arrhythmias #Anatomical #Differential ... Diagnosis #Causes #cardiology
Syncope - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Neurocardiogenic:
 • Vasovagal
 • Orthostatic Hypotension
 • Autonomic Neuropathy
 • Situational (micturition,
Syncope - Differential ... • Sick Sinus Syndrome ... (SA Node) ... #Syncope #Cardiology ... #Differential #
Posterior Fossa Abnormalities - Neuroradiology Differential Diagnosis
 - Mega Cisterna Magna
 - Pouch Cyst
 - Arachnoid
Neuroradiology Differential ... Rhombencepholosynapsis - Joubert Syndrome ... Abnormalities #Pathology #Neurology ... #radiology
Adie's Pupil
What? Unknown nature & benign
 • Regular and mildly dilated pupil (4-6mm);
 • Light-near dissociaton;
Holmes-Adie Syndrome ... Young females Differential ... #PhysicalExam #neurology ... #ophthalmology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Differentials? ... acidosis Step 5 - Differential ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology ... Base #Gas #VBG #differential