28 results
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Uric Acid - Low ... Uric Acid → renal salt ... #nephrology #sodium ... #low #uricacid
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... can be high or low ... Insufficiency, Cerebral Salt ... differential #diagnosis #table
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm ... osmostat, Cerebral salt ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #Hyponatremia #Algorithm ... #diagnosis #sodium
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
losses, Cerebral salt ... Hypothyroidism, Low ... #Hyponatremia #algorithm ... #diagnosis #sodium ... #low #nephrology
Causes of Primary and Secondary Amenorrhea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Amenorrhea - No onset of menarche
Causes of Primary ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... FSH, Low estrogen ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #OBGyn
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
- Cerebral salt ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes #Sodium
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... • Euvolemic (Low ... Hypervolemic (Excess salt ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
not type 4) - Salt ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table ... Classification #Causes
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... #Causes
Causes of Nephrolithiasis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Radio-opaque - Calcium-containing - 90% of stones
Radiolucent - Non-calcium 10%
Causes of Nephrolithiasis ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Increased PTH • High salt ... solubility: • Low ... #Causes