15 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... Low intake • Metabolic ... Losses: • Metabolic ... #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #nephrology
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
Consider secondary HTN ... multi-drug resistance) Renal ... Unilateral RAS Metabolic ... #Hypertension #HTN ... #Secondary #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
suggests extra-renal ... causes • Laxative ... , Renovascular HTN ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Metabolic alkalosis ... Renal artery stenosis ... Differential #Algorithm #Diagnosis ... #Causes #Workup ... #Nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... and Differential Diagnosis ... hypokalemia and metabolic ... most pts have HTN ... #Hypertension #Workup
Primary and Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary (Essential) (95%) - Onset between age
- Differential Diagnosis ... taken at home, work ... Primary #Secondary #HTN ... #Cardiology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... transfusion • HTN ... infusions) - Metabolic ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
and Workup Blood ... Work: - Hypokalemia ... Hypomagnesemia - Metabolic ... Ultrasound - No ... #Workup #nephrology
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
• Caused by splanchnic ... Normal kidney ultrasound ... Exclude other AKI causes ... ATN, volume depletion ... Syndrome #Hepatology #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... transfusion • HTN ... infusions) - Metabolic ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology