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causes algorithm injury kidney management potassium acidosis diuresis diuretics elevation encephalopathy erythematosus excretion gitelman high lactate lactic lupus neurology oncology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... • Refeeding syndrome ... Thyrotoxicosis Medications ... MatthewHoMD #Hypokalemia ... #nephrology #low
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework Pre-Renal: • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
(AKI) - Differential ... Pre-Renal: • Hypovolemia ... Abdominal Compartment Syndrome ... , Medications Intra-Renal ... #Diagnosis #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Patients with Cancer Cancer Related • Hypercalcemia • Intravenous contrast •
• Hypercalcemia ... gammopathy of renal ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Classification ... #Nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Family history of hypokalemia ... • Unexplained hypokalemia ... pressure Labs: • Hypokalemia ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #Hypokalemia
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis ... plasma insulin (treatment ... or induced) #Hypokalemia ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... • Diagnosis of ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Pharmacology #Medications
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... axis; T risk of hyperkalemia ... #Hyperkalemia ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #High
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by: • Headache • Seizures • Altered mental
Autoimmune disease, Cancer ... Immunosuppressive agents, Renal ... Blood transfusion, Hypercalcemia ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... Reversible course Differential
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
- Shock - Hypovolemia ... LV failure - Low ... - Compartment syndrome ... - HIV/HAART medications ... #typea #typeb #classification
SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) Suspect: Clinical evidence of (fatigue, rash, photosensitivity, inflammatory arthritis, weight loss, and fever) and
anti-Smith Ab, low ... Skin Disease Classification ... permanent alopecia Differential ... APLA/LAC: • Renal ... activation and/or medications
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