15 results
Congestive Heart Failure - Causes, Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
 • Dilated Cardiomyopathy 
 • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Congestive Heart ... , Pathophysiology ... #Pathophysiology ... Differential #Diagnosis #cardiology ... #HFrEF #HFpEF #CHF
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
Traditionally, congestive ... flare ups that cause ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... #CHF #Congestive ... HeartFailure #Staging #Classification
In order to better classify heart failure, the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American
based solely on symptoms ... who never show symptoms ... or signs of heart ... #CHF #Congestive ... #Stages #Classes
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
• These shifts ... decompensation (CHF ... overload) Other Symptoms ... Delirium DDX: • Congestive ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Tree in Bud Sign
The Tree-in-Bud sign represents Endobronchial spread in a linear branching pattern and centrilobular
Tree in Bud Sign ... The Tree-in-Bud sign ... cystic fibrosis, connective ... diagnosis #clinical #radiology ... #ChestCT #pathophysiology
STAGES of CHF (A, B, C, D), however, describe the severity of structural abnormalities that impair
STAGES of CHF (A ... flare ups that cause ... III and class IV symptoms ... #Management #Cardiology ... #CHF #Congestive
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
Typical symptoms ... Less Typical Symptoms ... of congestion ( ... congestion. 2. ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... improvement in symptoms ... endpoint of all-cause ... iron #deficiency #CHF
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
• Other rare causes ... Overproduction -> Connective ... Overproduction #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
overload -> - CHF ... Metabolic Acidosis • Shift ... Syndrome #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs