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diagnosis differential hyperkalemia management potassium high hyponatremia sodium diuresis diuretics excretion hypokalemia hypotonic intercellularshift medications pharmacology physiologic renal rhabdomyolysis
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm Acidosis - RTA - Diarrhea pH Normal 1. Decreased Mg 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm ... Intracellular Shift ... Renal artery stenosis ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Workup #Nephrology
Emergent Hyperkalemia Treatment Algorithm ECG changes, weakness, K+ >6.5 Or renal insufficiency with K >5.5 with cellular
Emergent Hyperkalemia Treatment ... Algorithm ECG ... >6.5 Or renal insufficiency ... cardiac membrane Shift ... #Algorithm #Management
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
• Digoxin • K ... Intracellular Shift ... insufficiency/Failure ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
• Digoxin • K ... Intracellular Shift ... insufficiency/Failure ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... Hypothyroidism, Adrenal ... Insufficiency, ... #sodium #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Weakness, cramping, nausea ... reabsorption) Workup ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table ... #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Intercellular Shift - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift - Appropriate renal excretion (GFR,
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... - Appropriate renal ... Decreased Na+-K+ ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology ... #Causes
Management of Hyponatremia Hypertonic Saline - Only indicated if patient has severe symptoms + Na < 125 Give
Cirrhosis - Correct K ... SIADH — look for cause ... give specific treatment ... Hyponatremia #Management #algorithm ... #treatment #sodium
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... Shift of extracellular ... per day until stable ... Diagnosis #Management #causes ... #treatment #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Inhibitors of Na+K+ ... Kidney stones caused ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Medications #Table
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