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diagnosis differential algorithm hyperkalemia treatment hypokalemia pharmacology workup comparison high low anesthesia anesthesiology checklist intraoperative kidney medications syndrome criticalcare neurology
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
• IV Fluids Shift ... (if preserved renal ... peaks 1-2h) • Blood ... #Hyperkalemia #management ... #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia Hyperkalemia is caused by excess potassium intake, impaired potassium excretion, or transcellular shifts. The
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... by excess potassium ... transcellular shifts ... with impaired renal ... and underlying renal
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 Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Transcellular Shift ... Medications Renal ... Losses Non-renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Increased Intake • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Excretion (IV potassium ... Transcellular Shift ... #Hyperkalemia #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm Decreased renal potassium excretion • Acute renal failure • Chronic renal failure • Drugs Increased
algorithm Decreased renal ... potassium excretion ... • Acute renal ... diet • Blood ... Diagnosis #algorithm #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Crush injury • Blood ... Intracellular Shift ... Blood transfusion ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Crush injury • Blood ... Intracellular Shift ... Blood transfusion ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary Trauma: • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury Exertional: •
Diagnosis and Management ... Shift of extracellular ... Monitor potassium ... per day until stable ... #Summary #causes
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) Diagnosis and Management • Distal (type 1) RTA • Proximal (type 2)
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... Diagnosis and Management ... 4) RTA #rta #Renal ... Acidosis #Diagnosis #Management ... #nephrology #table
Acute Kidney Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework PRERENAL: - Intrarenal vasoconstriction-hemodynamically mediated - Systemic vasodilation - Volume
urinalysis, labs - Management ... Glomerular (red blood ... eosinophils/white blood ... biopsy - Management ... ultrasonography - Manaqement
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