49 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Transcellular Shift ... in pernicious anemia ... • Refeeding syndrome ... vomiting) • Low
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Transcellular Shift ... - Refeeding Syndrome ... causes #potassium #low ... #pathophysiology
Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve 

Left Shift - decreased unloading of O2 at tissue level (i.e.  increased
Curve Left Shift ... - Sickle cell anemia ... Dissociation #Curve #Pathophysiology ... #Left #Right #Shift ... #Differential #
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm Low ... • Gitelman's syndrome ... • Bartter's syndrome ... Transcellular shift
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
weight loss - Low ... disturbances: low ... Metabolic Acidosis • Shift ... hemolysis - anemia ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Hypophosphatemia - Differential ... Transcellular Shift ... • Normal or Low ... - Normal or Low ... Hypophosphatemia #Differential
Syncope in 3 Steps
1. Consider the 3 "S" Mimics: Seizure, low Sugar, Stroke (TIA)
2. Heart vs
Mimics: Seizure, low ... Tamponade • Fluid > low ... subclavian steal syndrome ... little sympa > meds ... other #Syncope #differential
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Hypophosphatemia - Differential ... Appropriately Low ... Transcellular Shift ... : Refeeding Syndrome ... Hypophosphatemia #Differential
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
creatinine) • Cell shift ... Low-normal EABV ... , Low Plasma HCO3 ... Plasma HCO3- • Low ... urine #potassium #differential
Bandemia Overview

Normal: < 1%
Clinically significant: > 10%

Band neutrophils are slightly less mature than segmented neutrophils and
Left Shift: • ... Metamyelocyte (Left Shift ... Neutrophil (Normal) Differential ... #differential # ... CBC #hematology #pathophysiology