21 results
Hypercalcemia - EKG Findings
Causes of Hypercalcemia 
• Malignancy 
• Milk-alkali syndrome 
• Vitamin D toxicity 
•
EKG Findings Causes ... • Milk-alkali syndrome ... #EKG #ECG #Electrocardiogram ... Differential #Causes #Diagnosis ... #Cardiology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Differential Diagnosis ... Hypercalcemias (e.g ... 1,25-(OH)2D3 (e.g ... Intake (e.g. ... #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Genetic disorders (e.g ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Endocrinology
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm
 • IV calcium
 • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt
 • Consider
Hyperkalemia - Management ... Algorithm • IV calcium ... potassium and ECG ... blocks, QRS axis shift ... potassium #high #diagnosis
Causes of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Insufficient Sleep
 • Poor Sleep Hygiene
 • Insomnia
Sleep Deprivation (Eg ... Shift Work) Sleep ... Neurologic Disorders (Eg ... • Medications (Eg ... • Drug Abuse (Eg
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
- Differential Diagnosis ... D Deficiency (e.g ... Phenytoin, Nephrotic Syndrome ... Hypoparathyroidism (e.g ... Algorithm #Phosphate #endocrinology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... hyperviscosity syndrome ... hydration - Hyperkalemia ... unless worrisome EKG ... #TLS #diagnosis
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... risk factors (eg ... hypertension (eg ... hypertension (eg ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic
Malignant Adrenal Mass - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Suggestive of Malignancy: Inhomogenous Density, Delay in CT Contrast Washout
Releasing Carcinoma (e.g ... Other Source (e.g ... Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ... Hypertension +/- Hypokalemia ... #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Intercellular Shift - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transcellular Shift - Appropriate renal excretion (GFR,
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Intercellular Shift ... Transcellular Shift ... • Cell Lysis (e.g ... Tumor Lysis Syndrome