62 results
ECG Changes in Hyperkalemia and Treatment
Membrane Stabilization
 - Calcium gluconate or chloride 
Redistribution
 - Insulin
ECG Changes in Hyperkalemia ... Stabilization - Calcium ... Hemodialysis #Hyperkalemia ... Treatment #Management #Diagnosis ... #ECG #EKG
Hypercalcemia - EKG Findings
Causes of Hypercalcemia 
• Malignancy 
• Milk-alkali syndrome 
• Vitamin D toxicity 
•
Hypercalcemia - ... EKG Findings Causes ... • Milk-alkali syndrome ... #EKG #ECG #Electrocardiogram ... Differential #Causes #Diagnosis
Hypercalcemia Workup and Differential Diagnosis Framework
1) Determine whether PTH-dependent
2) Assess for other hormonal causes
3) Assess for
Hypercalcemia Workup ... and Differential Diagnosis ... #Workup #Differential ... #endocrinology ... #calcium
Emergency Management of Hyperkalemia in Adults
Assess Patient - Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Exposure (ABCDE) Approach
 •
Management of Hyperkalemia ... clinical scenario, ECG ... the Heart • Calcium ... Chloride OR Calcium ... Gluconate IV Shift
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Differential Diagnosis ... Hypercalcemias (e.g ... 1,25-(OH)2D3 (e.g ... Intake (e.g. ... #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
histoplasmosis) • Milk (calcium ... )-alkali syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... #calcium #high ... #endocrinology
Constipation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Diet/Lifestyle
 • Fibre
 • Calories
 • Fluid
 • Exercise
 • Psychosocial
Medications
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... Active Medications (e.g ... Cation Related (e.g ... Iron, Aluminum, Calcium ... Anticholinergic (e.g
Hypercalcemia Evaluation
1) Clinical clues
 - Is the patient symptomatic?
 - Family history?
 - Have you done
Hypercalcemia Evaluation ... #workup #differential ... #diagnosis #endocrinology ... #calcium #elevated ... #evaluation #workup
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Genetic disorders (e.g ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Endocrinology
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm
 • IV calcium
 • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt
 • Consider
Hyperkalemia - Management ... Algorithm • IV calcium ... potassium and ECG ... blocks, QRS axis shift ... potassium #high #diagnosis