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differential nephrology management algorithm hypokalemia pathophysiology workup alkalosis classification low anesthesia anesthesiology cardiology checklist hematology neurology pharmacology signs symptoms acidbase
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • HTN, High Aldosterone ... #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Chloride depletion syndromes • Gastrointestinal losses -
Causes of Metabolic ... - Differential Diagnosis ... chloridorrhea - High-volume ... Chloruretic drugs (eg ... • Severe potassium
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Acidosis Causes ... of High-anion Gap ... Potassium-sparing ... #diagnosis #causes
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... wasting from other causes ... urinary losses: • High ... acidosis: Proximal ... #diagnosis #Algorithm
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Intracellular Shift ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... infusions) - Metabolic ... acidosis - Hyperkalemia ... #causes #potassium
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm • IV calcium • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt • Consider
bicarbonate if acidosis ... and ECG changes ... blocks, QRS axis shift ... #potassium #high ... #algorithm #treatment
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Intracellular Shift ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... infusions) - Metabolic ... acidosis - Hyperkalemia ... #causes #potassium
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework • Cellular Shift: - Exercise
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Exercise - Metabolic ... Acidosis - ... #Causes #potassium ... #high
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Increased Loss - Increased GI Loss - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Transcellular Shift ... - Refeeding Syndrome ... #potassium #low
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis Increased extracellular K+: • Tissue injury • Hemolysis • Rhabdomyolysis •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... • Metabolic acidosis ... glycosides • High ... #Causes
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