31 results
diagnosis differential management causes algorithm nephrology hypokalemia pharmacology treatment complications cardiology comparison product pulmonary reactions syndrome workup alkaline alp anemia
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren) • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
• Increased EC ... shift of K (Succinylcholine ... Benyzlpenicillin, blood ... differential #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology #potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Increased Loss - Increased GI Loss - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shift ... Refeeding Syndrome #Hypokalemia ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia: • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample! • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Alwavs Repeat Blood ... while drawing blood ... TTKG should be high ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #high #pathophysiology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
patients with hypokalemia ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... effective arterial blood ... syndrome #hypokalemia ... #urine #potassium
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands Hypoxemia - low
stagnant hypoxia (e.g ... carrying capacity (e.g ... maybe sepsis) - High ... PaO2, High SvO2 ... diagnosis #causes #pathophysiology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
phlebotomy High ... Crush injury • Blood ... Intracellular Shift ... Blood transfusion ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm • IV calcium • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt • Consider
Hyperkalemia - Management ... Dialysis Serum potassium ... and ECG changes ... blocks, QRS axis shift ... #potassium #high
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
phlebotomy High ... Crush injury • Blood ... Intracellular Shift ... Blood transfusion ... #high #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... urinary losses: • High ... Blood Pressure: ... consumption • Low ... #nephrology #low
Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis - Illness Script • Epidemiology: Asian men age 20-30 with hyperthyroidism of any
and menses • Pathophysiology ... Labs/lmaging: Hypokalemia ... +/- low TSH with ... • Treatment: Potassium ... hyperthyroidism, Potassium
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